https://www.reddit.com/r/EarlyBuddhismMeditati/comments/mrjdq8/comment/jxtdv87/?context=3 I choose to treat the sutta usage of pīti as always mental joy, and sukha (when in context with pīti or jhāna) will be referring to physical pleasure. Because there are several times when the Buddha qualifies pīti with manassa (mind), and sukha with kāya (body). But I'm not aware of there ever being pīti described with kāyika (bodily). Sukha on the other hand, in a context where we don't know if it's jhāna, sukha = sukha vedana, and sukha vedana = sukha indriya (physical) + so-manassa (mental joy), from SN 48.37. example 1 mental joy causes physical symptoms of joy From real experience with physical and mental happiness, we all know one tends to cause the other to immediatley follow. For example, you feel affection, joy from getting something you want, it starts with mentally originated joy, but immediatley your body responds with warm fuzzies, goose bumps, tingling, pleasant surges ...