Pari-mukha

in-front

4👑☸ → UPED → pari-mukha 🔬details (⤴)

pari-mukha = in-front

1. literal context, in vinaya, refers to spatial location in front of person, such as facial or chest hair.
2. figurative context in sitting meditation:
* what is 'in-front' of you is the 'main priority'.
* tackle head on what's 'in-front' of you.
* move that task to the front of the line.

pari-mukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā

✅Make sati establishment your "main priority".
⛔It does not mean focus on physical spatial area around-your-mouth, as Theravada wrongly interprets this in 16 APS breath meditation context.

If you want to be sure of what a pali word means, you need to look at every reference in the suttas and make sure it's coherent and consistent throughout.
The conclusion of this study, is that pari-mukha can not mean the physical spatial location "around the mouth", as late Theravada interprets it.
In the sitting meditation context, pari-mukha is not about the spatial location "in front" at all. The spatial interpretation just happens to work for 16 APS (breath meditation). But it doesn't work for all of the other Buddhist meditations designated which are non-breath related.

conclusion: Pari-mukha is a figure of speech.
Similar to these English figures of speech:
1. Focus on the task at hand
2. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
3. Follow your nose

Pari-mukha is a figure of speech that means, "main priority".
pari-mukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā = Make sati establishment your "main priority".

searching for "parimuk":

parimukhaṃ (57)
of the 57, about 18 are STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤
of the 57, 15 of those are STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅ :
(searching suttas with 'abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena') follow the gradual samadhi training formula of DN 2 (sit down, remove 5niv, using 7sb enter 4j)

Most of the remaining 22 of 57 references are a slight variation of STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅.

STED sitting meditation, remove 5niv ⛅

vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati	(a) secluded lodging (they) frequent -
araññaṃ rukkha-mūlaṃ	(the) wilderness, (a) tree-root,
pabbataṃ kandaraṃ	(a) hill, (a) ravine,
giri-guhaṃ susānaṃ	(a) mountain-cave, (a) cemetary,
vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ	(a) forest, (the) open-air,
palāla-puñjaṃ.	(a) straw-heap.

So pacchā-bhattaṃ	** After-(the)-meal,
piṇḍapāta-paṭikkanto	(from) alms-round -- (they)-return,
nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā	sit down, (into) cross-legged-posture (they) bend,
ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya	straightened body (they) aspire (to),
pari-mukhaṃ	around-(the)-entrance [into undistractible-lucidty],
satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.	[☸Dharma]-remembrance (they) establish.

So abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya	(1) ** avarice (for the) world (they) remove,
vigat'-ābhijjhena cetasā viharati,	rid-(of)-avarice (in the) mind (they) dwell,
abhijjhāya cittaṃ parisodheti.	avarice (in the) mind (they) cleanse.

Byāpādapa-dosaṃ pahāya	(2) ill-will-&-hatred (they) remove,
a-byāpanna-citto viharati	(with a) non-ill-will-mind (they) dwell,
sabba-pāṇa-bhūtahit-ānukampī,	(for) all-living-beings-(they have)-compassion,
byāpādapa-dosā cittaṃ parisodheti.	ill-will-&-hatred (from) mind (they) cleanse.

Thina-middhaṃ pahāya	(3) sloth-&-torpor (they) remove,
vigata-thina-middho viharati	rid-of-sloth-&-torpor (they) dwell,
āloka-saññī,	luminosity-(they are)-perceiving,
sato sampajāno,	rememberful (and) lucidly-discerning,
thina-middhā cittaṃ parisodheti.	sloth-&-torpor (from the) mind (they) cleanse.

Uddhacca-kukkuccaṃ pahāya	(4) restlessness-&-remorse (they) remove,
an-uddhato viharati,	without-restlessness (they) dwell,
ajjhattaṃ vūpasanta-citto,	internally (with) peaceful-mind,
Uddhacca-kukkuccā cittaṃ parisodheti.	restlessness-&-remorse (from the) mind (they) cleanse.

Vicikicchaṃ pahāya	(5) Doubt (they) remove,
tiṇṇa-vicikiccho viharati,	gone-beyond-doubt, (they) dwell,
a-kathaṅkathī kusalesu dhammesu,	not-undecided (about what is) skillful ☸Dharma,
vicikicchāya cittaṃ parisodheti.	doubt (from the) mind (they) cleanse.

DN 1, 2. sāmaññaphalasuttaṃ, nīvaraṇappahānaṃ (DN 2.19), para. 1 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

DN 1, 10. subhasuttaṃ, samādhikkhandho (DN 10.3), para. 5 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

DN 2, 9. mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ, kāyānupassanā ānāpānapabbaṃ (DN 22.2), para. 1 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

DN 3, 2. udumbarikasuttaṃ, parisuddhatacappattakathā (DN 25.5), para. 2 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

MN 1, 1. mūlapariyāyavaggo, 10. mahāsatipaṭṭhānasuttaṃ, kāyānupassanā ānāpānapabbaṃ (MN 10.3), para. 1 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

MN 1, 3. opammavaggo, 7. cūḷahatthipadopamasuttaṃ (MN 27.1), para. 32 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

MN 1, 4. mahāyamakavaggo, 2. mahāgosiṅgasuttaṃ (MN 32.1), para. 14 ⇒
345. evaṃ vutte, āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca — “kassa nu kho, bhante, subhāsitan”ti? “sabbesaṃ vo, sāriputta, subhāsitaṃ pariyāyena. api ca mamapi suṇātha yathārūpena bhikkhunā gosiṅgasālavanaṃ sobheyya. idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā — ‘na tāvāhaṃ imaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bhindissāmi yāva me nānupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccissatī’ti. evarūpena kho, sāriputta, bhikkhunā gosiṅgasālavanaṃ sobheyyā”ti.

MN 1, 4. mahāyamakavaggo, 8. mahātaṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ (MN 38.1), para. 95 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

MN 1, 4. mahāyamakavaggo, 9. mahāassapurasuttaṃ (MN 39.1), para. 12 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

MN 2, 1. gahapativaggo, 1. kandarakasuttaṃ (MN 51.1), para. 17 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

MN 2, 2. bhikkhuvaggo, 2. mahārāhulovādasuttaṃ (MN 62.1), para. 1 ⇒
113. evaṃ me sutaṃ — ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. āyasmāpi kho rāhulo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhi. atha kho bhagavā apaloketvā āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ āmantesi — “yaṃ kiñci, rāhula, rūpaṃ — atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃ vā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā — sabbaṃ rūpaṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabban”ti. “rūpameva nu kho, bhagavā, rūpameva nu kho, sugatā”ti? “rūpampi, rāhula, vedanāpi, rāhula, saññāpi, rāhula, saṅkhārāpi, rāhula, viññāṇampi, rāhulā”ti. atha kho āyasmā rāhulo “ko najja bhagavatā sammukhā ovādena ovadito gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisissatī”ti tato paṭinivattitvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. addasā kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā . disvāna āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ āmantesi — “ānāpānassatiṃ, rāhula, bhāvanaṃ bhāvehi. ānāpānassati, rāhula, bhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā”ti.

MN 2, 2. bhikkhuvaggo, 2. mahārāhulovādasuttaṃ (MN 62.1), para. 13 ⇒
121. “ānāpānassatiṃ, rāhula, bhāvanaṃ bhāvehi. ānāpānassati hi te, rāhula, bhāvitā bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā. kathaṃ bhāvitā ca, rāhula, ānāpānassati, kathaṃ bahulīkatā mahapphalā hoti mahānisaṃsā ? idha, rāhula, bhikkhu
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

MN 2, 5. brāhmaṇavaggo, 1. brahmāyusuttaṃ (MN 91.1), para. 39 ⇒
“aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ kho pana so bhavaṃ gotamo āhāraṃ āhāreti — neva davāya, na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya, yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya, vihiṃsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya — ‘iti purāṇañc vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’ti . so bhuttāvī pattodakaṃ paṭiggaṇhanto na pattaṃ unnāmeti, na pattaṃ onāmeti; na pattaṃ sannāmeti, na pattaṃ vināmeti. so pattodakaṃ paṭiggaṇhāti nātithokaṃ nātibahuṃ. so na khulukhulukārakaṃ pattaṃ dhovati, na samparivattakaṃ pattaṃ dhovati, na pattaṃ bhūmiyaṃ nikkhipitvā hatthe dhovati; hatthesu dhotesu patto dhoto hoti, patte dhote hatthā dhotā honti. so pattodakaṃ chaḍḍeti nātidūre nāccāsanne, na ca vicchaḍḍayamāno. so bhuttāvī na pattaṃ bhūmiyaṃ nikkhipati nātidūre nāccāsanne, na ca anatthiko pattena hoti, na ca ativelānurakkhī pattasmiṃ. so bhuttāvī muhuttaṃ tuṇhī nisīdati, na ca anumodanassa kālamatināmeti. so bhuttāvī anumodati, na taṃ bhattaṃ garahati, na aññaṃ bhattaṃ paṭikaṅkhati; aññadatthu dhammiyā kathāya taṃ parisaṃ sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti. so taṃ parisaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamati. so nātisīghaṃ gacchati, nātisaṇikaṃ gacchati, na ca muccitukāmo gacchati; na ca tassa bhoto gotamassa kāye cīvaraṃ accukkaṭṭhaṃ hoti na ca accokkaṭṭhaṃ, na ca kāyasmiṃ allīnaṃ na ca kāyasmā apakaṭṭhaṃ; na ca tassa bhoto gotamassa kāyamhā vāto cīvaraṃ apavahati; na ca tassa bhoto gotamassa kāye rajojallaṃ upalimpati . so ārāmagato nisīdati paññatte āsane. nisajja pāde pakkhāleti; na ca so bhavaṃ gotamo pādamaṇḍanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. so pāde pakkhāletvā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. so neva attabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti; attahitaparahitaubhayahitasabbalokahitameva so bhavaṃ gotamo cintento nisinno hoti. so ārāmagato parisati dhammaṃ deseti, na taṃ parisaṃ ussādeti, na taṃ parisaṃ apasādeti; aññadatthu dhammiyā kathāya taṃ parisaṃ sandasseti samādapeti samuttejeti sampahaṃseti.

MN 2, 5. brāhmaṇavaggo, 4. ghoṭamukhasuttaṃ (MN 94.1), para. 24 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

MN 3, 1. devadahavaggo, 1. devadahasuttaṃ (MN 101.1), para. 32 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

MN 3, 1. devadahavaggo, 7. gaṇakamoggallānasuttaṃ (MN 107.1), para. 8 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

MN 3, 2. anupadavaggo, 2. chabbisodhanasuttaṃ (MN 112.1), para. 12 ⇒
STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

MN 3, 2. anupadavaggo, 8. ānāpānassatisuttaṃ (MN 118.1), para. 7 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

MN 3, 2. anupadavaggo, 9. kāyagatāsatisuttaṃ (MN 119.1), para. 2 ⇒
(just first 4 steps of 16 APS)
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

MN 3, 4. vibhaṅgavaggo, 10. dhātuvibhaṅgasuttaṃ (MN 140.1), para. 3 ⇒

Atha kho bhagavā kumbhakārāvesanaṃ pavisitvā ekamantaṃ tiṇasanthārakaṃ paññāpetvā nisīdi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.	Then the Buddha entered the workshop and spread out a grass mat to one side. He sat down cross-legged, with his body straight, and established mindfulness right there.
Atha kho bhagavā bahudeva rattiṃ nisajjāya vītināmesi.	He spent most of the night sitting meditation,
Āyasmāpi kho pukkusāti bahudeva rattiṃ nisajjāya vītināmesi.	and so did Pukkusāti.

SN 1, 7. brāhmaṇasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. arahantavaggo, 10. bahudhītarasuttaṃ (SN 7.10), para. 1 ⇒

Unless the brahmin had psychic powers, it's doubtful he would notice that the Buddha was sitting with attention focused at spatial mouth location

Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhāradvājagottassa brāhmaṇassa catuddasa balībaddā naṭṭhā honti.	Now at that time one of the brahmins of the Bhāradvāja clan had lost fourteen oxen.
Atha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo te balībadde gavesanto yena so vanasaṇḍo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā addasa bhagavantaṃ tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.	While looking for them he went to that forest, where he saw the Buddha sitting down cross-legged, with his body straight, and rememberfulness established right there.
Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato santike imā gāthāyo abhāsi:	He went up to the Buddha, and recited these verses in the Buddha’s presence:

SN 1, 7. brāhmaṇasaṃyuttaṃ, 2. upāsakavaggo, 7. navakammikasuttaṃ (SN 7.17), para. 1 ⇒
you can rule out the brahmin having psyhic powers, otherwise he wouldn't need to ask the buddha further questions, he coudl just read his mind

Tena kho pana samayena navakammikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe kammantaṃ kārāpeti.	Now at that time the brahmin Bhāradvāja the Builder was doing some building work in that jungle thicket.
Addasā kho navakammikabhāradvājo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ sālarukkhamūle nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.	He saw the Buddha sitting down cross-legged at the root of a certain sal tree, with his body straight, and rememberfulness established right there.
Disvānassa etadahosi:	Seeing this, it occurred to him:
“ahaṃ kho imasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe kammantaṃ kārāpento ramāmi.	“I enjoy doing this building work here in the jungle.
Ayaṃ samaṇo gotamo kiṃ kārāpento ramatī”ti?	I wonder what the ascetic Gotama enjoys doing?”

SN 1, 7. brāhmaṇasaṃyuttaṃ, 2. upāsakavaggo, 8. kaṭṭhahārasuttaṃ (SN 7.18), para. 1 ⇒
same line of reasoning as previous SN 7 references

Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhāradvājagottassa brāhmaṇassa sambahulā antevāsikā kaṭṭhahārakā māṇavakā yena vanasaṇḍo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā addasaṃsu bhagavantaṃ tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. Disvāna yena bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhāradvājagottaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ:	Then several youths, students of one of the Bhāradvāja brahmins, approached a forest grove while collecting firewood. They saw the Buddha sitting down cross-legged at the root of a certain sal tree, with his body straight, and rememberfulness established right there. Seeing this, they went up to Bhāradvāja and said to him:
“yagghe bhavaṃ jāneyyāsi.	“Please sir, you should know this.
Asukasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe samaṇo nisinno pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā”.	In such and such a forest grove the ascetic Gotama is sitting down cross-legged, with his body straight, and rememberfulness established right there.”
Atha kho bhāradvājagotto brāhmaṇo tehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ yena so vanasaṇḍo tenupasaṅkami.	Then Bhāradvāja together with those students went to that forest grove
Addasā kho bhagavantaṃ tasmiṃ vanasaṇḍe nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.	where he saw the Buddha sitting down cross-legged, with his body straight, and rememberfulness established right there.

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 1. ekadhammasuttaṃ (SN 54.1), para. 1 ⇒
977. sāvatthinidānaṃ . tatra kho . pe . etadavoca — “ekadhammo, bhikkhave, bhāvito bahulīkato mahapphalo hoti mahānisaṃso.
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤 .

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 3. suddhikasuttaṃ (SN 54.3), para. 1 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 4. paṭhamaphalasuttaṃ (SN 54.4), para. 1 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 5. dutiyaphalasuttaṃ (SN 54.5), para. 1 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 6. ariṭṭhasuttaṃ (SN 54.6), para. 3 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 7. mahākappinasuttaṃ (SN 54.7), para. 1 ⇒
983. sāvatthinidānaṃ. tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākappino bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahākappinaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi --

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 7. mahākappinasuttaṃ (SN 54.7), para. 5 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 8. padīpopamasuttaṃ (SN 54.8), para. 2 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 9. vesālīsuttaṃ (SN 54.9), para. 8 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 1. ekadhammavaggo, 10. kimilasuttaṃ (SN 54.10), para. 4 ⇒
“tenahānanda, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī”ti. “evaṃ, bhante”ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi. bhagavā etadavoca — “kathaṃ bhāvito ca, ānanda, ānāpānassatisamādhi STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 2. dutiyavaggo, 3. paṭhamāanandasuttaṃ (SN 54.13), para. 4 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

SN 5, 10. ānāpānasaṃyuttaṃ, 2. dutiyavaggo, 6. dutiyabhikkhusuttaṃ (SN 54.16), para. 3 ⇒
STED 16 APS 🌬️ 😤

AN 3, 2. dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ, (7) 2. mahāvaggo, 3. venāgapurasuttaṃ (AN 3.64), para. 6 ⇒

432 “idhāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharāmi, so pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya tameva gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisāmi.	432“Here, brahmin, when I am dwelling in dependence on a village or town, in the morning I dress, take my bowl and robe, and enter that village or town for alms.

so pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vanantaññeva pavisāmi VAR. so yadeva tattha honti tiṇāni vā paṇṇāni vā tāni ekajjhaṃ saṅgharitvā nisīdāmi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.	After the meal, when I have returned from the alms round, I enter a grove. I collect some grass or leaves that I find there into a pile and then sit down. Having folded my legs crosswise and straightened my body, I establish mindfulness in front of me.

so vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi;	Then, secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unwholesome states, I enter and dwell in the first jhāna, which consists of rapture and pleasure born of seclusion, accompanied by thought and examination.

AN 3, 2. dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ, (7) 2. mahāvaggo, 3. venāgapurasuttaṃ (AN 3.64), para. 8 ⇒
Here, the Budha is doing 4bv instead of 4 jhanas, and no mention of 16 APS, so there is no reason why anyone would have their attention at the mouth area doing 4bv

435 “idhāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharāmi, so pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya tameva gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisāmi.	435“Here, brahmin, when I am dwelling in dependence on a village or town, in the morning I dress, take my bowl and robe, and enter that village or town for alms.

so pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vanantaññeva pavisāmi. so yadeva tattha honti tiṇāni vā paṇṇāni vā tāni ekajjhaṃ saṅgharitvā nisīdāmi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.	After the meal, when I have returned from the alms round, I enter a grove. I collect some grass or leaves that I find there into a pile and then sit down. Having folded my legs crosswise and straightened my body, I establish mindfulness in front of me.

so mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharāmi, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjhena VAR pharitvā viharāmi.	Then I dwell pervading one quarter with a mind imbued with loving-kindness, likewise the second quarter, the third quarter, and the fourth quarter. Thus above, below, across, and everywhere, and to all as to myself, I dwell pervading the entire world with a mind imbued with loving-kindness, vast, exalted, measureless, without enmity, without ill will.

AN 3, 2. dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ, (7) 2. mahāvaggo, 3. venāgapurasuttaṃ (AN 3.64), para. 10 ⇒
Again the Buddha is doing a meditation vipassana practice that has nothing to do with focusing on mouth area.

438 “idhāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharāmi, so pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya tameva gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisāmi. so pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vanantaññeva pavisāmi.	438“Here, brahmin, when I am dwelling in dependence on a village or town, in the morning I dress, take my bowl and robe, and enter that village or town for alms. After the meal, when I have returned from the alms round, I enter a grove.

so yadeva tattha honti tiṇāni vā paṇṇāni vā tāni ekajjhaṃ saṅgharitvā nisīdāmi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.	I collect some grass or leaves that I find there into a pile and then sit down. Having folded my legs crosswise and straightened my body, I establish mindfulness in front of me.

so evaṃ jānāmi — ‘rāgo me pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo;	Then I understand thus: ‘I have abandoned greed, cut it off at the root, made it like a palm stump, obliterated it so that it is no more subject to future arising.

doso me pahīno ucchinnamūlo tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṅkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo;	I have abandoned hatred, cut it off at the root, made it like a palm stump, obliterated it so that it is no more subject to future arising.

AN 4, 1. paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ, 4. cakkavaggo, 6. doṇasuttaṃ (AN 4.36), para. 1 ⇒

again, parimukha here can't mean spatial perception of mouth area.

Na vatimāni manussabhūtassa padāni bhavissantī”ti.	Surely these couldn’t be the footprints of a human being?”
Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.	The Buddha had left the road and sat at the root of a tree cross-legged, with his body straight and his rememberfulness established right there.
Atha kho doṇo brāhmaṇo bhagavato padāni anugacchanto addasa bhagavantaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisinnaṃ pāsādikaṃ pasādanīyaṃ santindriyaṃ santamānasaṃ uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṃ dantaṃ guttaṃ saṃyatindriyaṃ nāgaṃ.	Then Doṇa, following the Buddha’s footprints, saw him sitting at the tree root—impressive and inspiring, with peaceful faculties and mind, attained to the highest taming and serenity, like an elephant with tamed, guarded, and controlled faculties.
Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca:	He went up to the Buddha, and said to him:


“Devo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī”ti?	“Sir, might you be a god?”
“Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, devo bhavissāmī”ti.	“I will not be a god, brahmin.”
“Gandhabbo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī”ti?	“Might you be a fairy?”
“Na kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, gandhabbo bhavissāmī”ti.	“I will not be a fairy.”

AN 4, 4. catutthapaṇṇāsakaṃ, (20) 5. mahāvaggo, 8. attantapasuttaṃ (AN 4.198), para. 13 ⇒
“so iminā ca ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato, (imāya ca ariyāya santuṭṭhiyā samannāgato,) iminā ca ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena satisampajaññena samannāgato

STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

so ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe vivicceva kāmehi . pe . catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.

AN 5, 2. dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ, (8) 3. yodhājīvavaggo, 5. paṭhamayodhājīvasuttaṃ (AN 5.75), para. 15 ⇒
almost the same as STED sit down & remove 5niv ⛅

“so araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā . so abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati, abhijjhāya cittaṃ parisodheti; byāpādapadosaṃ pahāya abyāpannacitto viharati, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī byāpādapadosā cittaṃ parisodheti; thinamiddhaṃ pahāya vigatathinamiddho viharati ālokasaññī sato sampajāno, thinamiddhā cittaṃ parisodheti; uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahāya anuddhato viharati ajjhattaṃ vūpasantacitto, uddhaccakukkuccā cittaṃ parisodheti; vicikicchaṃ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṃkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṃ parisodheti. so ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe vivicceva kāmehi . pe . pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti — ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.

AN 5, 2. dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ, (8) 3. yodhājīvavaggo, 6. dutiyayodhājīvasuttaṃ (AN 5.76), para. 18 ⇒

“puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati. so pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya tameva gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisati rakkhiteneva kāyena rakkhitāya vācāya rakkhitena cittena upaṭṭhitāya satiyā saṃvutehi indriyehi. so cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ; cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. sotena saddaṃ sutvā. ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā . jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā. kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā. manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṃ; manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. so pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ. so araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. so abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya . pe . so ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe vivicceva kāmehi . pe . catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.

AN 6, 1. paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ, 3. anuttariyavaggo, 8. dutiyasamayasuttaṃ (AN 6.28), para. 2 ⇒
evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu there bhikkhū etadavoca — “yasmiṃ, āvuso, samaye manobhāvanīyo bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto pāde pakkhāletvā nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā, so samayo manobhāvanīyassa bhikkhuno dassanāya upasaṅkamitun”ti.

AN 6, 1. paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ, 3. anuttariyavaggo, 8. dutiyasamayasuttaṃ (AN 6.28), para. 3 ⇒
evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca — “na kho, āvuso, so samayo manobhāvanīyassa bhikkhuno dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. yasmiṃ, āvuso, samaye manobhāvanīyo bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto pāde pakkhāletvā nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā, cārittakilamathopissa tasmiṃ samaye appaṭippassaddho hoti, bhattakilamathopissa tasmiṃ samaye appaṭippassaddho hoti. tasmā so asamayo manobhāvanīyassa bhikkhuno dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. yasmiṃ, āvuso, samaye manobhāvanīyo bhikkhu sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito vihārapacchāyāyaṃ nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā, so samayo manobhāvanīyassa bhikkhuno dassanāya upasaṅkamitun”ti.

AN 6, 1. paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ, 3. anuttariyavaggo, 8. dutiyasamayasuttaṃ (AN 6.28), para. 4 ⇒
evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca — “na kho, āvuso, so samayo manobhāvanīyassa bhikkhuno dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. yasmiṃ, āvuso, samaye manobhāvanīyo bhikkhu sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito vihārapacchāyāyaṃ nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā, yadevassa divā samādhinimittaṃ manasikataṃ hoti tadevassa tasmiṃ samaye samudācarati. tasmā so asamayo manobhāvanīyassa bhikkhuno dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. yasmiṃ, āvuso, samaye manobhāvanīyo bhikkhu rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā, so samayo manobhāvanīyassa bhikkhuno dassanāya upasaṅkamitun”ti.

AN 6, 1. paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ, 3. anuttariyavaggo, 8. dutiyasamayasuttaṃ (AN 6.28), para. 5 ⇒
evaṃ vutte aññataro bhikkhu taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca — “na kho, āvuso, so samayo manobhāvanīyassa bhikkhuno dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. yasmiṃ, āvuso, samaye manobhāvanīyo bhikkhu rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā, ojaṭṭhāyissa tasmiṃ samaye kāyo hoti phāsussa hoti buddhānaṃ sāsanaṃ manasi kātuṃ. tasmā so asamayo manobhāvanīyassa bhikkhuno dassanāya upasaṅkamitun”ti.

AN 9, 1. paṭhamapaṇṇāsakaṃ, 4. mahāvaggo, 9. nāgasuttaṃ (AN 9.40), para. 4 ⇒
“evamevaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu ākiṇṇo viharati bhikkhūhi bhikkhunīhi upāsakehi upāsikāhi raññā rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi, tasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye bhikkhussa evaṃ hoti — ‘ahaṃ kho etarahi ākiṇṇo viharāmi bhikkhūhi bhikkhunīhi upāsakehi upāsikāhi raññā rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi. yaṃnūnāhaṃ eko gaṇasmā vūpakaṭṭho vihareyyan’ti. so vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ . so araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.

AN 10, 2. dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ, (6) 1. sacittavaggo, 10. girimānandasuttaṃ (AN 10.60), para. 13 ⇒
STED 16 APS

AN 10, 2. dutiyapaṇṇāsakaṃ, (10) 5. upālivaggo, 9. upālisuttaṃ (AN 10.99), para. 22 ⇒
“so iminā ca ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato, iminā ca ariyena satisampajaññe samannāgato vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ. so araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.

KN Ud, 3. nandavaggo, 4. sāriputtasuttaṃ (KN 3.24), para. 1 ⇒
24. evaṃ me sutaṃ — ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.

KN Ud, 5. soṇavaggo {mahāvagga (aṭṭhakathāya sameti)}, 10. cūḷapanthakasuttaṃ (KN 3.50), para. 1 ⇒
5.. evaṃ me sutaṃ — ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. tena kho pana samayena āyasmā cūḷapanthako bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.

KN Ud, 5. soṇavaggo {mahāvagga (aṭṭhakathāya sameti)}, 10. cūḷapanthakasuttaṃ (KN 3.50), para. 2 ⇒
addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ cūḷapanthakaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā.

KN Ud, 7. cūḷavaggo, 8. kaccānasuttaṃ (KN 3.68), para. 1 ⇒
68. evaṃ me sutaṃ — ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahākaccāno bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya kāyagatāya satiyā ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhitāya.

KN Ud, 7. cūḷavaggo, 8. kaccānasuttaṃ (KN 3.68), para. 2 ⇒
addasā kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ avidūre nisinnaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya kāyagatāya satiyā ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhitāya.

KN It, 3. tikanipāto, 4. catutthavaggo, 6. asubhānupassīsuttaṃ (KN 4.85), para. 2 ⇒
“asubhānupassī, bhikkhave, kāyasmiṃ viharatha; ānāpānassati ca vo ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhitā hotu; sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassino viharatha. asubhānupassīnaṃ, bhikkhave, kāyasmiṃ viharataṃ yo subhāya dhātuyā rāgānusayo so pahīyati . ānāpānassatiyā ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhititāya ye bāhirā vitakkāsayā vighātapakkhikā, te na honti. sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassīnaṃ viharataṃ yā avijjā sā pahīyati, yā vijjā sā uppajjatī”ti. etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. tatthetaṃ iti vuccati —

KN Paṭis, 1. mahāvaggo, 3. ānāpānassatikathā, 5. satokāriñāṇaniddeso, para. 1 ⇒
163. katamāni bāttiṃsa satokārissa ñāṇāni? idha bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. so satova assasati sato passasati. dīghaṃ vā assasanto “dīghaṃ assasāmī”ti pajānāti. dīghaṃ vā passasanto “dīghaṃ passasāmī”ti pajānāti. rassaṃ vā assasanto “rassaṃ assasāmī”ti pajānāti. rassaṃ vā passasanto “rassaṃ passasāmī”ti pajānāti. “sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī”ti sikkhati. “sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī”ti sikkhati. “passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī”ti sikkhati. “passambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī”ti sikkhati. pītipaṭisaṃvedī . pe . sukhapaṭisaṃvedī. cittasaṅkhārapaṭisaṃvedī . passambhayaṃ cittasaṅkhāraṃ. cittapaṭisaṃvedī. abhippamodayaṃ cittaṃ. samādahaṃ cittaṃ. vimocayaṃ cittaṃ. aniccānupassī. virāgānupassī. nirodhānupassī. “paṭinissaggānupassī assasissāmī”ti sikkhati. “paṭinissaggānupassī passasissāmī”ti sikkhati.

KN Paṭis, 1. mahāvaggo, 3. ānāpānassatikathā, 5. satokāriñāṇaniddeso, para. 2 ⇒
164. idhāti imissā diṭṭhiyā, imissā khantiyā, imissā ruciyā, imasmiṃ ādāye, imasmiṃ dhamme, imasmiṃ vinaye, imasmiṃ dhammavinaye, imasmiṃ pāvacane, imasmiṃ brahmacariye, imasmiṃ satthusāsane. tena vuccati — “idhā”ti. bhikkhūti puthujjanakalyāṇako vā hoti bhikkhu sekkho vā arahā vā akuppadhammo. araññanti nikkhamitvā bahi indakhīlā sabbametaṃ araññaṃ. rukkhamūlanti yattha bhikkhuno āsanaṃ paññattaṃ hoti mañco vā pīṭhaṃ vā bhisi vā taṭṭikā vā cammakhaṇḍo vā tiṇasantharo vā paṇṇasantharo vā palālasantharo vā, tattha bhikkhu caṅkamati vā tiṭṭhati vā nisīdati vā seyyaṃ vā kappeti. suññanti kenaci anākiṇṇaṃ hoti gahaṭṭhehi vā pabbajitehi vā. agāranti vihāro aḍḍhayogo pāsādo hammiyaṃ guhā. nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvāti nisinno hoti pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā . ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāyāti ujuko hoti kāyo ṭhito supaṇihito. parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvāti. parīti pariggahaṭṭho. mukhanti niyyānaṭṭho. satīti upaṭṭhānaṭṭho. tena vuccati — “parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā”ti.