important pali vocabulary word: karoti (do, did, doing, done, will do, should do)

Example: manasi karoti (literally a mind doing, usually translated as "paying attention")

(SN 46.2  example "un-wise mind doing": 1. 💑 Kāma-c-chanda ← subha-nimittaṃ)

Ko ca, bhikkhave,	“{And} what, monks, [is the]
āhāro an-uppannassa vā	nutriment (for) un-arisen
kāma-c-chandassa uppādāya,	sensual-desire's arising,
uppannassa vā kāma-c-chandassa	(and) arisen sensual-desire's
bhiyyo-bhāvāya vepullāya?	growth,-development (and) abundance?
Atthi, bhikkhave,	There-is, monks,
subha-nimittaṃ.	(the) beautful-sign.
Tattha a-yoniso-manasi-kāra-bahulī-kāro—	(To) that-there, un-wise-mental-production-frequently-done,
ayam-āhāro an-uppannassa vā	is-the-nutriment (for) un-arisen
kāma-c-chandassa uppādāya,	sensual-desire's arising,
uppannassa vā kāma-c-chandassa	(and) arisen sensual-desire's
bhiyyo-bhāvāya vepullāya.	growth,-development (and) abundance.

Declaration of arahantship (katam karaniyam are 2 conjugated forms of 'karoti'/does)

karoti = present tense, (he) does.

katam = past tense, (he) did

karaniya = what should be done

Nibbindaṃ virajjati;	Disenchanted, (he) becomes-dispassionate.
virāgā vimuccati.	(Through) dispassion, (he) is-[fully]-released.
Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti.	(With) full release, 'Fully released.' knowledge occurs.
‘Khīṇā jāti,	[He discerns that] 'Destroyed Birth,
vusitaṃ brahma-cariyaṃ,	fulfilled (the) holy-life,
kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ,	did (what) needed-to-be-done,
nā-(a)paraṃ itthattāyā’ti	Nothing-further (for) this-state-of-being.'"
pajānātī”ti.	(that) he-understands.’

Example from AN 7.67

ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave,	(he is) said to be
ariya-sāvako	a disciple of the noble ones
a-karaṇīyo mārassa	(who can’t be) un-done (by) Māra,
a-karaṇīyo pāpimato.	(can’t be) un-done (by the) Evil One.
katamehi sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti?	“Now, with which seven true-☸Dharmas is he endowed?

Examples from AN 8.1

Bhagavā etadavoca:	The-blessed-one said this:
“Mettāya, bhikkhave, ceto-vimuttiyā	“Friendly-kindness ********* (from the) mind's-liberation,
āsevitāya bhāvitāya bahulī-katāya	cultivated, developed, abundantly-done,
yānī-katāya	{made-a}-vehicle
vatthu-katāya	{made-a}-basis,
anu-ṭ-ṭhitāya	kept-up,
paricitāya	consolidated,
su-samāraddhāya	properly-implemented,
aṭṭh-ā-nisaṃsā pāṭi-kaṅkhā.	[then these] eight-benefits (can be) expected.

... (verse section)

Sabbe ca pāṇe manas-ānu-kampī,	(towards) all ** creatures (with a) mind-continuously-compassionate,
Pahūtam-ariyo pa-karoti puññaṃ.	A-noble-one creates {abundant} merit.
	bingo! there's "karoti" finally in that present tense.

Important lesson to take away

1. Find the hidden roots: 

When you're out in the pali jungle on your own, this is what you're going to see for the part I highlighted in AN 8.1 and broke down the compound words with hyphens:

bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya yānīkatāya vatthukatāya

Where's the 'karoti'/do? Don't be intimidated. Once you learn the basic roots and some of their common declined and conjugated variants, you'll be able to guess the meaning of many words.